Friday, 11 May 2012

We've Bought Some Time....


An artist's depiction of Kukulcan who is the same Mayan god as
Quetzacoatl is to the Toltecs, Nahua (Aztecs) and other of the
great aboriginal nations to the west and north of the Maya.
The names in Mayan and Nahuatl...meaning
Feathered Serpent.... represent the bearded white man who
would come into the eastern part of what is now Mexico
according to the prophesies, on or about 1520, as measured
by the Gregorian Calendar.



Chac Mool, Mayan God of Winds and Water
who bears a strong resemblance to his twin brother,
 the Mayan God of Blowhards who are all wet,
 Barachac Oboolma Hoapenchange
      

Story is creditted to the BBC, Science and is considered reliable in spite of the source.

10 May 2012 Last updated at 14:02 ET

Mayan art and calendar at Xultun stun archaeologists


Wall of the Xultun find The preservation of the artwork surprised archaeologists, given the dwelling's shallow depth


Related Stories


     Archaeologists working at the Xultun ruins of the Mayan civilisation have reported striking finds, including the oldest-known Mayan astronomical tables.   The site, in Guatemala, includes the first known instance of Mayan art painted on the walls of a dwelling.   A report in Science says it dates from the early 9th Century, pre-dating other Mayan calendars by centuries.
      Such calendars rose to prominence recently amid claims they predicted the end of the world in 2012.     The Mayan civilisation occupied Central America from about 2000BC until its decline and assimilation following the colonisation by the Spanish from the 15th Century onwards. It still holds fascination, with many early Mayan sites still hidden or uncatalogued.



The ruins at Xultun were first discovered in 1912 and mapping efforts in the 1920s and 1970s laid out much of the site's structure.

Diagram of Xultun find





     Archaeologists have catalogued the site's features, including a 35m-tall pyramid, but thousands of structures on the 30 sq km site remain unexplored.     In 2005, William Saturno, then at the University of New Hampshire, discovered the oldest-known Mayan murals at a site just a few kilometres away called San Bartolo.     In 2010, one of Dr Saturno's students was following the tracks of more recent looters at Xultun when he discovered the vegetation-covered structure that has now been excavated.
     When Mayans renovated an old structure, they typically collapsed its roof and built on top of the rubble. But for some reason, the new Xultun find had been filled in through its doorway, with the roof left intact.     Dr. Saturno, who is now based at Boston University, explained that despite it being under just a metre of soil today, that served to preserve the site after more than a millennium of rainy seasons, insect traffic and encroaching plant and tree roots.


"We found that three of the room's four walls were well preserved and that the ceilings were also in good shape in terms of the paintings on them, so we got an awful lot more than we bargained for," he said.
'Different mindset'
     The excavation was carried out using grants from the National Geographic Society, which has prepared a high-resolution photographic tour of the room.      It measures about 2m on each side with a 3m, vaulted ceiling, and is dominated by a stone bench, suggesting the room was a meeting place.
The east wall features a number of seated figures, nearly life-sized, dressed in black and wearing elaborate headdresses similar to a bishop's mitre.     They all look toward the north wall, on which a more elaborately dressed figure in orange holds a stylus in a hand outstretched toward a figure that Dr Saturno believes represented the king of Xultun.

Calendrical glyphs
The astronomical cycles and corrections were used to
predict lunar eclipses far into the future.
 
      "The seated figures that we see around them are involved in some narrative in which the king is being portrayed impersonating a Mayan deity and these guys are in attendance at that impersonation," Dr Saturno explained.   The relevance of the figure with the stylus seems clear: "We think this room was used as a writing room, that it's part of a complex associated with the work being done by Maya scribes."
     Perhaps most intriguing among the finds were several finds related to astronomical tables, including four long numbers on the east wall that represent a cycle lasting up to 2.5 million days.  The east wall is mostly covered by tabulations of black symbols or "glyphs" that map out various astronomical cycles: that of Mars and Venus and the lunar eclipses.   The wall also features red marks that appear to be notes and corrections to the calculations; Dr Saturno said that the scribes "seem to be using it like a blackboard".
     The Xultun find is the first place that all of the cycles have been found tied mathematically together in one place, representing a calendar that stretches more than 7,000 years into the future.  The Mayan numbering system for dates is a complex one in base-18 and base-20 numbers that, in modern-day terms, would "turn over" at the end of 2012.
    But Dr Saturno points out that the new finds serve to further undermine the fallacy that this is tantamount to a prediction of the end of the world.     "The ancient Maya predicted the world would continue, that 7,000 years from now, things would be exactly like this," he said. "We keep looking for endings. The Maya were looking for a guarantee that nothing would change. It's an entirely different mindset."The astronomical cycles and corrections were used to predict lunar eclipses far into the future.


AN ADDITIONAL NOTE ABOUT XULTUN, GUATEMALA

     Xultun is a Mayan Indian community in Guatemala that has been the centre of much archeological activity for almost 100 years.   Among the first real finds were some Flintstonian Tarot Cards.   El Gringo Viejo so names them because they are made of carved stone.   But, stone or not, it is clear that they were used for divining the future.  The site of Xultun is probably going to be found to be the equal of the great, known Mexican sites as well as Tikal, also in Guatemala, and Copan, in Honduras.
Thanks for your time and interest!
El Gringo Viejo