~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   
General Charles Ferdinand Latrille, Comte de 
Lorencez would probably not have liked the above illustration of the aftermath 
following his attack on the the two citadels outside of the city of Puebla de 
los Angeles.    He was commanding an expeditionary force representing the Empire 
of France, and Napoleon III, the nephew of the much loved and hated Napoleon 
Bonaparte.
| "Don't Bite on me!" | 
Furst Otto von Bismark 
shown here sitting with the just-captured Emperor of France, following the 
Battle of Sedan, in 1870.   It was the loss that established Germany as an 
Empire in its own right, and finished France as anything of importance for the 
next two centuries.    The Franco - Prussian War's conclusion costed France 
Alsace and Lorraine, destroyed the Monarchy, and generally left France with an 
inferiority complex that it has never seemed to be able to outgrow.   Liberte', 
Fraternite', et Egalite' became Mediocrite', Hypocrite', et las femmes avec des 
jambes poilues.    But we diverge.   The issue here is the Battle of Puebla, in 
Mexico, eight years before these two gentlemen above-depicted had their 
brotherly, post-carnage conversation (they were 2nd 
cousins amd relatively close friends).      
      So 
why is all this fuss raised about the Battle of Puebla?   For one it was a 
splash of cold water over the reality that Mexico would be a difficult blowfish 
to swallow.    The French (Napoleon) assumed that if the Americans could beat 
the Mexicans, then anybody could.   The Americans had managed to dispatch the 
Mexicans in less than two years, carrying their war into the very center of the 
City of Mexico.   The Mexicans had avoided every advantage in that war, and even 
when winning, seemed to withdraw.   Very 
peculiar.
      The 
French, who were adamant about being repaid monies invested in Mexico on a loan 
basis.   Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna had stolen much of that money and moved to 
New York City where he set about various swindling schemes.   Antonio stole 
public money and private money so he would have been very comfortable working 
for Corzine and Co.
      Banditry 
was rampant in Mexico, the Wars of the Reform had ground on for years, with 
grumpy, autocratic Conservatives jostling with a grumpy, self-absorbed Zapotec Indian President who 
hated the Roman Catholic Church that taught him how to speak Spanish and read 
and write, hated white people, hated wealthy people, hated foreigners, and hated 
most Indians as well.   That is why everybody loved him, according to present 
day Mexican official history
       The 
French decide finally to invade, after failing to convince the Spanish and the 
Brits to join in the invasion of Mexico to recover all debts.    A huge army is 
dispatched to Vera Cruz, which is Mexico's principal port and one of its main 
sources of income to the government by means of the levy of  tariffs and import 
duties.    Starting with that income, the French would then fund their army's 
advance to the City of Mexico where the mints, stores of gold and silver coin 
and bullion, and site maps of the mines of gold, silver, copper, and 
semi-precious stones were known to exist in an
abundance impossible to comprehend.
       The 
esteemed Generale Charles Latrille de Lorencez leaves Vera Cruz with a large 
army, under good order.   Zouaves, artillery, cavalry, drummers, buglers, bands, 
munitions and supply trains....and almost 30,000 effective combatants and close 
support personnel head West and Up....from sea-level to 7,300 feet fasl.    
There are several significant skirmishes, and finally one significant battle 
that dispatches nominal Mexican Resistance.   Gen. Charles is being opposed by a 
Brigadier from the Guardia Nacional who is commanding about 1,000 regulars and 
about 4,000 better and lesser prepared troops from various local units of the 
Mexican Guardia Nacional, such as it was.
      Latrille 
de Lorencez had dispatched this unit here and that unit there as he moved, 
correctly,  into the interior of this foreboding and difficult terrain.   He 
learned about Mexico being hot, wet, dry, cold, windy, jungle, desert, and 
everything at the same time.   He also knew that each cluster, village, ranch, 
town, and city would have to be subdued, and  all this he did well, usually with 
little or no loss.    The significant battle that fairly well convinces all  
that the French Army's task would be blessedly simple was fought on the 28th of 
April, 1862 in and around the community of Alcutzingo, not far from the pass of 
the same name that is hubbed on the mountain known as La Malinche or 
Matlalcueitl (goddess of blue and green waters, also perhaps non-salty water in 
Nahuatl language).
| Gazebo 
in the Main Plaza of Alcutzingo, Vera Cruz, life is tough with your licuado de mango. Nobody minds if you put a couple of caps of aged Potosino rum from Cd, Valles into the mix. Many French, English, and Southern Americans made home here and 50 kilometres radius around here. The cemeteries have their names mixed into the genealogies. The people are always excited and proud to talk about the "big wedding" in 1876....and they have pictures! It is compelling.....to see the formality and dignity of it all. | 
     Now, Alcutzingo 
is a blessed place, to the left is its showy gazebo in the main plaza.  It is 
said that many French soldiers retired there after all the warring, and other 
family members joined them when things had settled down.   There are also 
curmudgeon Gringos tucked in here and there in this and other similar 
communities here-abouts.  Various Confederates retired, died, came and went, invested, and lived good lives there after  The Woh - Wah.  (that is how one says the word 'war' in upland-South antiquated English.)
     It was here that the French dispatched the Mexican 
resistance and relaxed a bit to continue to Puebla de los Angeles.   It was 
anticipated that the conservative, very Roman Catholic population there would be 
happy to see the French and that there would be a celebratory reception.  Two 
days' march, 8,000 crack troops with fine French howitzers, a couple of grand 
entrances and a ball at the Kasino de Eventos on the Main Plaza beside the Great 
Cathedral....such anticipation was difficult to contain.   The officers and men 
knew that Puebla was a place of great refinement and excellent table fare as 
well.
| The Peak of Matlacihuatl, aka La Malinche, northeast of Puebla | 
      It was 
two days later that the French forces prepared to assume control of the 
critically important city of Puebla.   But only one little nagging problem 
remained.   It was that same pesky Brigadier General Ignacio Zaragoza Sequin and 
his gaggle of rag-tags from the Mexican regular and highly irregular Army.   
They were terribly outnumbered, and already fatiqued and defeated, so what is 
going on here?
All of this had started downhill when Le Generale Charles had been confounded by a call from the the French Royal authority who wanted Le Generale to return to Vera Cruz city with his army and assume total and secure possession of that city and everything within 100 leagues along the coast. This call came shortly after French forces had secured Orizaba, another important, although smaller, city on their way to the west. He had begun to prepare a compliance, but noticed that Mexican units had begun to demonstrate hostile postures along his flanks. That is when Monsieur Le Generale determined to seal up the opposition and destroy its ability to resist in the future. It was a "slight deviation" from his orders that he would regret in short order
All of this had started downhill when Le Generale Charles had been confounded by a call from the the French Royal authority who wanted Le Generale to return to Vera Cruz city with his army and assume total and secure possession of that city and everything within 100 leagues along the coast. This call came shortly after French forces had secured Orizaba, another important, although smaller, city on their way to the west. He had begun to prepare a compliance, but noticed that Mexican units had begun to demonstrate hostile postures along his flanks. That is when Monsieur Le Generale determined to seal up the opposition and destroy its ability to resist in the future. It was a "slight deviation" from his orders that he would regret in short order
     After a 
bit of preparation and reconnoitering, the French began an assault on the 
Fortress of Loreto and its brother on the right looking out, the Fortress of 
Guadalupe.    The Mexicans repulsed the first charge.   Then came the second and 
telling attack, during which time the French exhuasted their artillery advantage 
by running out of powder and munitions for the Brass Napoleon 6 pounders.    The 
Mexicans on the line of defence between the two citadels broke out of their 
lines, and were backed up by fresh and competent cavalry.    The third attack 
failed miserably.
Flanking Mexican infantry, supported text-book style by cavalry, followed a fairly disorderly retreat of the French, during which time they suffered a devasting series of counter attacks that could not be prepared for. Heavy rains commenced and both sides quit the day. The French forces had lost almost 500 dead, 500 captured and 600 wounded.
Flanking Mexican infantry, supported text-book style by cavalry, followed a fairly disorderly retreat of the French, during which time they suffered a devasting series of counter attacks that could not be prepared for. Heavy rains commenced and both sides quit the day. The French forces had lost almost 500 dead, 500 captured and 600 wounded.
     Mexican 
irregulars continued to arrive and bolster weak spots in their ranks.   They had 
paid a price, with shy of 100 dead and a similar number wounded, but the French 
estimated that by dawn there would be 3,000 more irregulars joining the Mexican 
assault.  Monsieur Le Generale Charles was to be astounded that he had been 
essentially destroyed by an inferior army in terms of numbers, training, and 
supplies but when he began his orderly retreat the next morning, NOBODY CAME TO 
CHALLENGE HIS REAR GUARD!   He was expecting an officer's group to arrive from 
Zaragoza to request his fine French sword.   None 
came.
     The battle 
stops there.   Zaragoza has no munitions.   Food is no problem.  From here to 
Vera Cruz there are beans, tropical fruit, fish, goats and cows that provide 
meat, cheese, milk, eggs and there is abundant production of wheat, rice, and corn.   
But he has no munitions, and he does not know how much punch the French have 
left in them. He and his older, trusted subordinate, General Silvestre Aramberri 
determine to put up a hostile appearing distraction on the French rear-guard, 
which they do for the next two weeks.   They know that  at least the French are 
withdrawing.    At that is how the Battle of Puebla would end.   Mexicans 1  
-    French 0.
     The 31 
year old Mexican Brigadier would be dead within two years.   Always sickly 
during his early years, and lovelorn at the loss of his betrothed in Monterrey  
(cholera?) a few years before, he was a surprise graduate of the Colegio 
Militar.   Born in Texas, near Goliad, he was the direct nephew by blood of Juan Seguin 
who gave great and grand service to the Texian cause against Lopez de Santa 
Anna, both during the early stages of the siege of the Alamo, and later at the 
total destruction of Lopez de Santa Anna's Army at San Jacinto, 
Texas.
     Monsieur 
Le Generale Latrille would come down with typhus, fight in other wars, become 
debilitated during his advancing years, but die among his own aristocracy in 
Paris in 1892. There is a legend of the Ceremony of Camarone, associated with a 
fight to death stand by some very valiant (perhaps stupidly so) Legionaires, 
sometimes associated with the Battle of Puebla, but while the heroic company was 
at the Battle of Puebla, their other heroism was accomplished about a year later 
and towards the northeast in the coffee  country down a bit lower in 
elevation.   Of 93 officers and men, only two survived.   The captain, who 
perished, had a wooden forearm and hand....quite a nice piece of art....which 
was recovered by an Anglo-French (Franglaise) farmer in the area and returned to 
the French much after the Battle.   There were only two survivors, and they 
demanded to be given terms or they would not surrender.   As per agreement, they 
were escorted to French lines and delivered back to their Army.   It is said  
the the Mexican Cavalry dismounted and gave the two a sword salute and 21-gun 
honour-salute.
     To this 
day, the remembrance of the loss at the Hacienda de Camarone -  Tejada is 
commemorated with the Legion's most somber and moving ceremony.     The officers 
of the unit terminate the ceremony by service of coffee to the enlisted 
personnel.   The Hacienda concerned was and remains, actually, a source of some 
of the best coffee grown.   To end, the soldiers did not die at the Battle of 
Puebla, but they had fought there, a year earlier.
| This 
is the ceremony paying honours to the Legionaire company commanded by Captaine Danjou, His faux forearm and hand are carried by the centre veteran behind the officers in this formation. | 
     Too 
much for one Gringo to digest.   But...now the OROGs know and understand the 
rest of the beginning of the story about the Cinco de Mayo.    Very quickly, 
it 
becomes a much deeper and wider story.   It is a compelling story, and one of 
the best places to start would be "The Cactus Throne", which is a definitive, 
dispassionate, and even-handed treatment of the rise and fall of the Second 
Mexican Empire.
Thanks for spending your time with us again.
Thanks for spending your time with us again.
El Gringo 
Viejo
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