Antonio López de Santa Anna
(Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón)
A Chronology
It will or should be noted by the reader that following graphic below these comments are prepared in the most Spartan sensibility.....perhaps a Jack Webb / Sergeant Friday moment. We think it best to use such a "Just the facts, Ma'am" approach so as to avoid the fixation people tend to have with stereotypes concerning the gloriousness of despots with fancy uniforms. We might allow that Lopez de Santa Anna is possibly the most audacious and self-absorbed of all the high names and personalities of the New World. He is most certainly among, at the very least, the top fifty.
The wonder is most certainly that he could come and go, approach and sit upon the Throne of Mexico, and then abandon said throne long before any programme....economic, national infrastructural, criminal and civil law, foreign relations....could ever be adequately put into place and action.
He has been pictured to the public as a slight man, of short stature. We see him, at times, compared to Napoleon Bonaparte....who was short....thereby explaining Antonio's peacockery and posturing as a product of the inferiority complex that he derived from being short. But...he was not short. For his day, in fact, he was "high-moderate" or "low-tall". His height was normally estimated to be what would now be 5 foot 10 inches and his weight no more or less than 145 pounds....without his formal 20 pounds of uniform, epaulets, medals and medallions, and boots and headdress. Travis, Bowie, Sequin, de Zavala would have been "body doubles" in the dark.
It is probable that he had a form of mild epilepsy, not because he was in the habit of taking opium and/or cocaine, and significant amounts of the powder 'lithium carbonate; along with wine of the very best European and Mexican and New World vintages. But, we must remember that such prescriptions were commonly rendered by the physicians at that time, especially for patients who had money and position.
Hear these comfortable words of Wikipedia concerning lithium:
While this above analysis speaks to a date of 1843 as being the time of the "coming out" of Lithium, it had been used in Europe, especially for titled people, and the wealthy, and others of the endowed classes since the earliest part of the 18th Century....especially in France, and the German principalities. It might have been used even earlier in Turkey and Persia.
Concerning this chronology, below-included, we urge the reader to understand that each time His Excellency would decide to either abandon or re-occupy the Presidential Throne, it was a matter of an extremely arduous journey.....from low to high altitude....bananas that produced year around and elhechos arboleras (ferns the size of large trees).....and crossing into or back out of places that have known no month without significant snowfall. From Manga del Clavo at 2,000 feet above sea level, crossing mountain passes at nearly 10,000 feet above sea level, either way arriving to or leaving from the City of Mexico at 7,600 feet elevation, the journey could take ten days or a month or perhaps even more. If the rains were to be extremely heavy during the two rainy seasons, it might require a couple of months, at times, to travel the 140 mile distance, (in those times) .
To-morrow, we shall try to put an end to some of this wistful and pointless eulogy to a Supreme Narcissist. There are two two or three telling points about this individual that will help further compound the perplexity he causes and also cause the reader to wonder why someone did not take him out back and do humanity a favour.
Hear these comfortable words of Wikipedia concerning lithium:
In 1843, lithium carbonate was used as a new solvent for stones in the bladder. In 1859, some doctors recommended a therapy with lithium salts for a number of ailments, including gout, urinary calculi, rheumatism, mania, depression, and headache. In 1948, John Cade discovered the antimanic effects of lithium ions. This finding led lithium, specifically lithium carbonate, to be used to treat mania associated with bipolar disorder.
Lithium carbonate is used to treat mania, the elevated phase of bipolar disorder. Lithium ions interfere with ion transport processes (see “sodium pump”) that relay and amplify messages carried to the cells of the brain.[8] Mania is associated with irregular increases in protein kinase C (PKC) activity within the brain. Lithium carbonate and sodium valproate, another drug traditionally used to treat the disorder, act in the brain by inhibiting PKC’s activity and help to produce other compounds that also inhibit the PKC.[9] Despite these findings, a great deal remains unknown regarding lithium's mood-controlling properties.[citation needed]
Use of lithium salts exhibit a number of risks and side effects, especially at higher doses. Lithium intoxication affects the central nervous and renal systems and is potentially lethal.
The site of the old Hacienda Manga del Clavo |
The Hacienda El Lencero - Lopez de Santa Anna's Favourite property....only a few miles from Manga del Clavo, which was destroyed by the American Military during the Mexican - American War |
Concerning this chronology, below-included, we urge the reader to understand that each time His Excellency would decide to either abandon or re-occupy the Presidential Throne, it was a matter of an extremely arduous journey.....from low to high altitude....bananas that produced year around and elhechos arboleras (ferns the size of large trees).....and crossing into or back out of places that have known no month without significant snowfall. From Manga del Clavo at 2,000 feet above sea level, crossing mountain passes at nearly 10,000 feet above sea level, either way arriving to or leaving from the City of Mexico at 7,600 feet elevation, the journey could take ten days or a month or perhaps even more. If the rains were to be extremely heavy during the two rainy seasons, it might require a couple of months, at times, to travel the 140 mile distance, (in those times) .
To-morrow, we shall try to put an end to some of this wistful and pointless eulogy to a Supreme Narcissist. There are two two or three telling points about this individual that will help further compound the perplexity he causes and also cause the reader to wonder why someone did not take him out back and do humanity a favour.
Biographical Note
President of Mexico.
Born 1794 or 1795 in Jalapa; died 1876 in Mexico City.
Began military career in 1810; promoted to brigadier general in 1822. Offices and honors include: governor of Yucatan (ca. 1825 and 1829), governor of Veracruz (1828), benemérito de la patria (1829), and benemérito en grado heróico (1835).
Santa Anna was first named president of Mexico on March 30, 1833, which position he repeatedly abdicated and resumed until leaving the office for the final time in 1855.
He led Mexican forces in 1835 and 1836 in the campaign against Texas independence, and in 1847 in the war with the United States. During the latter he served alternately as president and as military commander.
Santa Anna spent repeated periods of exile in the Caribbean.
Upon one return to Mexico in February 1864, he promptly was deported by General Achille Bazaine for failing to abide by the terms of the agreement allowing his reentry. Santa Anna was imprisoned in 1867 then exiled until 1874, when he returned to Mexico under a general amnesty.
He died in poverty in Mexico City on June 20, 1876.
Chronology | ||
21 Feb 1794/5 | born in Jalapa, Veracruz | |
6 July 1810 | entered the Veracruz infantry as a cadet | |
13 March 1811 | went with his regiment to Tampico to suppress insurgents working for the separation of Texas | |
1813 | returned to Veracruz, promoted for bravery to first lieutenant | |
1814 | made aide to General Dávila, royalist commander of Veracruz | |
March 1816 | promoted to captain | |
March 1821 | given command of troops in Veracruz, sent to rescue Orizaba and Córdoba from pro-independence forces | |
23 March 1821 | arrived in Orizaba, defeated the insurgent Miranda | |
29 March 1821 | General Herrera arrived, as did dispatch from Viceroy making Santa Anna lieutenant colonel as reward for Miranda's defeat; Santa Anna joined Herrera in support of Iturbide | |
25 April 1821 | ||
July 1821 | surrounded Veracruz and suggested that his old protector General Dávila surrender to him; Dávila successfully resisted | |
21 July 1821 | ||
27 Sept 1821 | Trigarante army entered Mexico City | |
28 Sept 1821 | Regency established | |
25 Oct 1822 | ||
16 Nov 1822 | suspicious of Santa Anna, Iturbide arrived in Jalapa, removed Santa Anna from his command, ordered him to join the Junta de Guerra in Mexico City; Santa Anna instead returned to Veracruz | |
2 Dec 1822 | in Veracruz, Santa Anna proclaimed ?la República,? declared Iturbide's reign ?invalid,? demanded new Congreso Constituyente | |
1 Feb 1823 | Plan de Casa Mata signed | |
19 March 1823 | ||
5 June 1823 | ||
mid-1824 | ||
25 April 1825 | ||
30 Dec 1826 (23 Dec 1827?) | Vicente Guerrero sent to put down Montaño's rebellion at Otumba; Santa Anna offered his services to Guerrero | |
7 January 1828 | ||
1 Sept 1828 | Congress declared Pedraza president and Vicente Guerrero vice-president | |
12 Sept 1828 | Santa Anna demanded that presidency be given to Guerrero | |
3 Dec 1828 | Pedraza fled the presidency | |
8 Dec 1828 | Guerrero named secretary of war | |
1 April 1829 | ||
27 July 1829 | Spanish under Barradas took Tampico | |
11 Sept 1829 | ||
4 Oct 1829 | Santa Anna returned to Veracruz | |
4 Dec 1829 | refused to administer the Plan of Jalapa with Bustamante against Guerrero | |
3 Jan 1830 | renounced his politico-military duties | |
2 Jan 1832 | ||
March 1832 | Santa Anna defeated by government forces | |
5 Oct 1832 | Pedraza returned from the U.S. | |
24 Dec 1832 | Pedraza assumed presidency in Puebla | |
3 Jan 1833 | Pedraza and Santa Anna entered Mexico City | |
30 March 1833 | Santa Anna named President, with Gómez Farías as vice-president | |
1 April 1833 | Gómez Farías became president as Santa Anna pleaded ill health; Farías'policies proved unpopular | |
16 May 1833 | Santa Anna resumed presidency | |
3 June 1833 | ||
5 July 1833 | Santa Anna pursued Arista | |
12 Oct 1833 | defeated Arista in Guanajuato | |
27 Oct 1833 | Santa Anna resumed presidency | |
15 Dec 1833 | left presidency, requesting from Congress 6 months' leave because of his health | |
24 April 1834 | Santa Anna resumed presidency | |
27 Jan 1835 | Santa Anna left presidency | |
11 May 1835 | ||
26 Feb 1836 | entered Texas, attacked Alamo | |
6 Mar 1836 | attacked presidio of Espíritu Santo | |
21 Apr 1836 | defeated by Houston at San Jacinto | |
18 Jan 1837 | interviewed by U.S. President Jackson | |
21 Feb 1837 | returned to Veracruz by boat, to the cheers of the populace | |
27 Nov 1838 | French fired on San Juan de Ulúa, Santa Anna defended | |
5 Dec 1838 | lost leg | |
20 March 1839 | Santa Anna succeeded Bustamante as interim president | |
30 April 1839 | defeated federalists Mejía and Urrea at Acajete | |
10 July 1839 | surrendered presidency to Nicolás Bravo | |
10 Oct 1841 | Santa Anna resumed presidency | |
26 Oct 1842 | returned presidency to Bravo | |
4 March 1843 | ||
4 Oct 1843 | surrendered presidency to Canalizo | |
4 June 1844 | Santa Anna took oath as constitutional president | |
7 Sept 1844 | obtained leave of absence from presidency | |
19 Nov 1844 | ||
3 June 1845 | Santa Anna left Veracruz for Havana | |
4 Aug 1846 | Paredes y Arrillaga removed from office | |
22 Aug 1846 | Santa Anna returned to Veracruz, proclaiming the reestablishment of the Constitution of 1824 | |
6 Dec 1846 | ||
26 Jan 1847 | Santa Anna attacked Taylor | |
23 Feb 1847 | declared victory at Buena Vista and withdrew from the field | |
21 March 1847 | Santa Anna resumed presidency | |
2 April 1847 | ||
20 May 1847 | ||
16 Sept 1847 | surrendered presidency, escaped via Guatemala or the U.S., sailed to Jamaica then to Turbaco, Colombia | |
1 April 1853 | returned to Veracruz | |
19 April 1853 | made triumphal entry into Mexico City | |
20 April 1853 | Santa Anna resumed the Presidency | |
16 Dec 1853 | Council of State gave Santa Anna "facultades omnímodas,"(omnipotent faculties) and title of "alteza serenísima" (Most Serene Highness) | |
1 March 1854 | Plan of Ayutla against Santa Anna | |
9 Aug 1855 | ||
27 Feb 1864 | Santa Anna returned to Veracruz, promising Bazaine not to be politically active, but continued seeking support | |
12 March 1864 | Bazaine deported Santa Anna from Veracruz | |
Jan 1866 | Santa Anna visited by U.S. Secretary of State Seward on island of St. Thomas | |
3 June 1867 | Santa Anna returned to Veracruz, claiming U.S. endorsement | |
4 June 1867 | Santa Anna taken with U.S. help to Sisal, Yucatán, and imprisoned | |
30 July 1867 | ||
2 Nov 1867 | Santa Anna sailed to Havana, then to the Bahamas | |
1874 | Santa Anna allowed to return to Mexico by Lerdo de Tejada under a general amnesty | |
20 June 1876 | died in poverty in Mexico City _____________________________ More later, El Gringo Viejo __________________________ |