Concerning the Legacy of Robert Edward Lee

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     Not long ago, we had the unfortunate opportunity to read about a group of males who are attending university…I believe at the sophomore level.   The professor painted a very dim picture of Southern social order, especially as compared to the superior Northern social order.  Suffice it to say that the victors are allowed to write history.   It is left to the vox populi  to dig up the slumbering truths…and we leave a few below.  

      With all due deference and appreciation for the efforts of the young men who valiantly established their case against Messrs. Lee and Davis, we would appreciate a moment of reflection about the truth.

    The instructors encouraged the writers to divulge their true feelings about Lee and Davis.   The students have reviewed certain narratives and seen certain recent events, and therefore they are experts in the present.

    It might behoove the contributors, however, to gain a bit of truth before they begin to instruct.  Jefferson Davis and his brother Joseph had back to back plantations in Mississippi.  A "tough guy" Negro boy of 14 years of age came into their possession and began his tenure on the two plantations.   After a couple of years, the young man's demeanour improved, and both of the Davis's declared that he should be moved up as a foreman, because of his loyalty, accurate work judgements, and honesty with considerable money.  He was offered the position of overall Overseer (the highest non-inherited position possible) of the plantations of the Jeffersons.
  The young Negro man declared that he would prefer to oversee both plantations since they were contiguous.  That arrangement would last for for a score and a half of years.  He supervised white blue-collar types who were very advanced in their trades, several high-skilled Negro men with families who had been manumitted and an overall work force of about 300 men and women.

     After the War Between the States was settled, the Overseer who had stood in through the entire period of bellicosity remained and began the recovery of the agricultural empire of the Davis's small but impressive empire.  When Jefferson was released from his detention following the War between the States, he and his brother thanked the young man who had "stayed-in" during the War and the Reconstruction.  He remained a bit longer and then declared that he and two others Black men had determined to take considerable remuneration from appreciative "old blood plantation" employers and the three young men established a large farming and processing operation near Atlanta in Georgia

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     Later, after a depression in the economy, and various Northern interests reneging on established contracts, the three Black men had to fold their cards,  and head back west.  Once the man who had worked with the Davis's arrived on the scene in Mississippi, and explained his and his friends' plight, the Davis brothers scraped up the shekels and backed their friend in a similar project up the Mississippi River…just south of Memphis. 

 
    Once closer to their old stomping grounds and among familiar people, and with the end of Reconstruction's outrages…the three Black men, backed by the  Davis's and other "old White men" down in southern Mississippi, the three Black men from "days before", they became the three Black men of their "days of tomorrows".   Their future secured and their families enjoying a wonderful future…things were good again and they contributed much to progress in Mississippi, the South, and America.

  They even made linkage with another oft' misunderstood and maligned Southern General, Nathan Bedford Forrest, who had 42 Negro soldiers in his 1st unit.   He gave them their Letters of Manumission early in 1864, instead of waiting until "after the War".   It was pretty clear that the South stood to lose the War, and Forrest had guaranteed the men's Manumission.   Incredibly enough, although facing direct fire and close combat in seven or eight major battles, and other contretemps, all those cavalry soldiers survived the War Between the States…always riding at or near the presence of their commander…a most dangerous position during battle.  None ever renounced their position in Forrest's army, serving through the end of bellicosity.

     Forrest also establish the first university level Law School  in Memphis, Tennessee for Negroes in 1872…which long since was folded into the standard School of Law of the University of Tennessee.

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     Finally, the Davis brothers, like Forrest,  were not fans of slavery.  They sought manners to facilitate Manumission (freeman citizen status) successfully, and understood the obvious looming on the horizon.  That looming was the reality of the future, and the inevitable mechanisation which would cause an industrial change requiring people with the technical ability and disposition to handle such matters.   In other words, or simply being blunt, picking cotton by hand and baling it up for the mills in Birmingham, England would not suffice as a future livelihood and forceful trade commodity in the American and foreign markets.

     The crowd can howl loudly forever, but the social and demographic  characteristics of the South are not as easily described as to-day's analysts might think.   Follow the thought processes of Abraham Lincoln, responding to 
the question of manumission or some other form of release from slavery.  Please note that the letter is dated well into the depths of the War.  To wit:

on, August 22, 1862.

Hon. Horace Greeley:
Dear Sir.

I have just read yours of the 19th. addressed to myself through the New-York Tribune. If there be in it any statements, or assumptions of fact, which I may know to be erroneous, I do not, now and here, controvert them. If there be in it any inferences which I may believe to be falsely drawn, I do not now and here, argue against them. If there be perceptable in it an impatient and dictatorial tone, I waive it in deference to an old friend, whose heart I have always supposed to be right.

As to the policy I "seem to be pursuing" as you say, I have not meant to leave any one in doubt.

I would save the Union. I would save it the shortest way under the Constitution. The sooner the national authority can be restored; the nearer the Union will be "the Union as it was." If there be those who would not save the Union, unless they could at the same time save slavery, I do not agree with them. If there be those who would not save the Union unless they could at the same time destroy slavery, I do not agree with them. My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save the Union. I shall do less whenever I shall believe what I am doing hurts the cause, and I shall do more whenever I shall believe doing more will help the cause. I shall try to correct errors when shown to be errors; and I shall adopt new views so fast as they shall appear to be true views.

I have here stated my purpose according to my view of official duty; and I intend no modification of my oft-expressed personal wish that all men every where could be free.

Yours,
A. Lincoln.

General Lee opined differently.  Before the War, he wrote….To wit:

     There are few, I believe, in this enlightened age, who will not acknowledge that slavery as an institution is a moral and political evil. It is idle to expatiate on its disadvantages. I think it is a greater evil to the white than to the colored race. While my feelings are strongly enlisted in behalf of the latter, my sympathies are more deeply engaged for the former. The blacks are immeasurably better off here than in Africa, morally, physically, and socially. The painful discipline they are undergoing is necessary for their further instruction as a race, and will prepare them, I hope, for better things. How long their servitude may be necessary is known and ordered by a merciful Providence.

     Their emancipation will sooner result from the mild and melting influences of Christianity than from the storm and tempest of fiery controversy. This influence, though slow, is sure. The doctrines and miracles of our Saviour have required nearly two thousand years to convert but a small portion of the human race, and even among Christian nations what gross errors still exist! While we see the course of the final abolition of human slavery is still onward, and give it the aid of our prayers, let us leave the progress as well as the results in the hands of Him who, chooses to work by slow influences, and with whom a thousand years are but as a single day.

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         We shall leave these long forgotten passages and realities to flutter in the long forgotten winds of truth.   One remembers the tale of Lincoln's wife, after learning her brother had been killed in action…that the kindly First Lady hurled a lamp at her servant (a Negro woman), while shrieking that she was the cause of her brother's demise.   Yes, Virginia, Mrs. Lincoln, wife of the President  and Commander in Chief of the entire Union Military, had a Southern Army son.   Such was the nature of that hideous War.

     The Negro woman continued in service to the Lincoln family.   She was probably accustomed to Mrs. Lincoln's "coo-coo bongo brain condition".  She would reincarnate twice in later times…once as the wife of Woodrow Wilson, and another time in the form of (Sir Edmund) Hillary Rodham Clinton. 

Thanks to one and all for holding in with us.  There is more to come.

EL GRINGO VIEJO

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aspects of construction of the Quinta Tesoro de la Sierra Madre

El Zorro comments anew…Please read on!!

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   A previous contributor to A Gringo in Rural Mexico has re-appeared among the living and will be joining in commentary as these days go by.   He is a long-term friend of El Gringo Viejo…having gone through most of McAllen's schools with said Gringo Viejo and generally criss-crossed paths numerous times over more than a half-century.

     He has a wondrous wife who apparently maintains El Zorro on a good path.   They have a wondrous little patch of northern Texas consisting of several acres not far from the Red River and not close to much of anything.  One could comment that we are both living in Nowhere completely surrounded by Everywhere. thanking the Good Lord that we are Texians.

      Both of us are graduates of the same high school, the same year.   Both of us are Honourably Discharged, El Zorro after two tours, behind the lines stuff, out of theatre at times…and your humble servant dismissed due to the lack of a left knee and an acute left ear dysfunction…not quite as heroic, but still Honourably Discharged.

     El Zorro's contributions can be acerbic, high-brow, very technical, or philosophical.   Humour and double entendres  and ironic and satirical comment can be expected of El Zorro.   People have told me that he and I thought for each other like twins…I do not agree, but…who am I to disagree.   His contributions will also be spontaneous, brainy, and sporadic, so keep an eye out for commentary by a truly sharp wit and mind.

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El Zorro returns with comments, and opines anew:

RE:  "NOW COMES THE TIME FOR THE WEEDING…"

Great apologia!

"Lyndon B. and Robert S. … Thank the Lord (they) 'won' that war in Viet Nam

for us.”

That being said, I caught the shooting of two of McAllen’s finest and their immediate deaths.  Also, in that regard, I responded via a contribution to your blog which was probably not the wrong forum for my input/question to you as follows:

     Just saw that two McAllen policemen were shot to death.  Does El Gringo have context?

     E.g. were these men executed or was this a ‘one off’?

    It has been 34 years since my last habitation in McAllen.  Hoping El Gringo and la Familia are well.’

     I cannot imagine the change in the greater Rio Grande Valley since I left.

   The Wife and I hope you and your family are well considering the Covid19 and more so, the MLB/ANTIFA ‘protests'.

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EL Zorro, thanks for the submission, comments, and the questions.

  With reference to the two McAllen police officers who were killed-in-action last Saturday evening, they were killed by a disoriented fellow who was (1) off his meds and (2) apparently on some combination of drugs and perhaps marijuana.

    He met the officers at the door, with the two officers standing close to the entrance door.  Brief words were exchanged and efforts were made to detain the deranged man…all the while menacing his own family, who were all gathered in the living room.

     The actor hoisted up his pistol and let go with multiple consecutive shots at both of the officers, essentially killing them instantly.  The actor fled to his motorcar and drove a short distance…pulled to the side and ended his misery with one shot to the head.

     The family members of the actor were in pretty bad emotional shape.  They had tried to phone or relay information to the officers to not come after all, because they thought the family member causing the problem was calming down, but such was not the case.

(Left) Edelmiro Garza and  (Right) Ismael
 Chavez.  The two fallen officers with
 essentially impeccable records…
They are gone, but
 never forgotten.
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     There was no inter-ethnic discrimination or any such rigamarole.   It was a middle-class Latin family with a bellicose druggie on a trip,  threatening and blaming everyone in the home, who killed in cold blood essentially two officers of significant service and commendation (the officers never drew down on him).   One was in his mid-40s and the other in his mid-30s.

     It was a somber, tense, very sad moment in the history of McAllen and Hidalgo County.   Both men were fathers and very active in their churches and off-duty service to youngsters.  They had significant university diplomas and certifications, both were known for having a cheerful and a supportive nature.  These are not the convenient words used for pillow stuffing, but rather actual long-term record of  performance of these particular officers.

It was a nightmare by any measure.

Welcome home, here at A Gringo in Rural Mexico…

EL GRINGO VIEJO

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Generals Vazquez and Woll bedevil Texas - 1842…and the Vindication of Juan Sequin Zaragoza

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Generals Vazquez and Woll bedevil Texas - 1842

…and the final vindication of Juan Sequin Zaragoza

     By 1842, a true hero of the Battle of San Jacinto, had to retire from Texas.   He had been regularly insulted by non-Mexican/Spanish newcomers, especially of German ancestry as well as Anglos and there had been hanky-panky in terms of some of the processing of his families' properties around Sequin.   That town, obviously, was part of the substance of Juan Sequin and his ancestry.  To this day, from Sequin to Floresville and Goliad, Texas one will find numerous people who can trace their ancestry to Juan Sequin, one way or the other.
     But great and strange things were going on between the Rio Grande and San Antonio.  In the Spring of 1842, General Vasquez rode up to San Antonio from Laredo, with between 700 and 900 effectives, almost all cavalry.   General Vasquez took over the city, "taxed" the inhabitants for feed, fodder, shodding by smiths, and supplies for his animals and soldiers, and returned to Laredo with only the feeblest of resistance by the Texians.

     Worse would come to the Texians later in the year.  General Adrian Woll, a Belgian military type who had arrived in Mexico during the 1820s and quickly "made grade" arriving at Brigadier rank in time to conduct an Army of Cavalry, Infantry, and considerable cannon up to San Antonio.   This was a late Summer event, and it occupied the Mexicans for about two weeks, before Woll gathered up his troops and returned to Matamoros.
     Sam Houston ordered his buddy, General Somervell, to pursue Woll and engage him…but not too roughly.   He wanted Woll, Vasquez, and scores of military officers from Monterrey to Matamoros, and Laredo to notice that the Somervell Expedition was not intended to be a punitive event.
    The Mexican Army officers would have liked nothing better than to destroy a Texian "punitive expedition".   But such was not to be.   Somervell proved to be an inept controller of untrained troops.   Frankly, about half of them were  vagabonds, adventurers, and slackers…not soldiers of any kind. Somervell was further held back by the stated preferences made by Samuel Houston that it would be preferable to not ignite a significant war-like atmosphere.   It was the old "show, but do not attack" military tactic.

     Actually, Col. Fisher and Col. Green took a path downriver from Laredo and Carrizales, and with 300 or so dubiously endowed "soldiers" went to a place named Mier…just a mile or so back from the Rio Bravo (Grande) and where the Rio Alamo makes conjunction with the Rio Bravo.   Mier was known to be a little jewel community with nice, well built homes and numerous processing mills, smithing masters, and a massive sheeps' wool packing and forwarding business.   Farming in the broadest banks of the Rio Alamo and Rio Bravo also provided a good source of produce and grains.
    The Texians had already sequestered and detained the mayor of the town as a bargaining chip, and the fight was on.   After twenty-four hours, though…the fight was over.  The Texians had been badly beaten by superior numbers, better commanders, and better execution.

     One of the Mexican Army's combatants at Mier handled reconnaissance at the beginning of hostilities. That combatant was a cavalry officer with experience in military matters, and who was somewhat familiar with the Texian methods of fighting.  It was, of course, Juan Seguin Zaragoza…recently Mayor of San Antonio, Texas for two different terms, member of the Congress of the Republic of Texas after the expulsion of Santa Anna and other great accomplishments as a Texian hero.

     We remember that it was Col. Seguin, as Charge d'Affairs (military) of San Antonio, immediately after his return from the Victory at San Jacinto, who   gave the Eulogy over the remains of certain identified officers and persons of importance who died in defence of the Alamo on 6 March 1836.  Further collections of remains were sought and found, there is considerable debate to this day about the whens and wheres…but we know that Seguin appealed to the Heavens thusly.  To wit;

Companions in Arms!!

These remains which we have the honour of carrying on our shoulders are those of the valiant heroes who died in the Alamo. Yes, my friends, they preferred to die a thousand times rather than submit themselves to the tyrant's yoke. What a brilliant example! Deserving of being noted in the pages of history. The spirit of liberty appears to be looking out from its elevated throne with its pleasing mien and point to us saying: "There are your brothers, Travis, Bowie, Crockett, and others whose valor places them in the rank of my heroes." Yes soldiers and fellow citizens, these are the worthy beings who, by the twists of fate, during the present campaign delivered their bodies to the ferocity of their enemies; who, barbarously treated as beasts, were bound by their feet and dragged to this spot, where they were reduced to ashes. The venerable remains of our worthy companions as witnesses, I invite you to declare to the entire world, "Texas shall be free and independent or we shall perish in glorious combat."

Colonel Juan N. Seguin
Commandant San Antonio, Bexar, Texas 
Army of the Republic of Texas

      Because of his own written testament and the understanding of his relatives, close and distant, they all knew that Juan wanted to join his compadres of the Texas Army after his death.   Finally in the early 1970s, Juan was brought back among his mates, and buried on the north side of the Guadalupe River in Sequin, Texas.  Now, he and all worthy Texians are happy, I am happy, and we commend these words to the worthy.

     The City of Seguin, Texas has placed a truly pleasant part on the north side of the near-downtown part of the town…not far from the famous rows of magnificent Victorian homes that provide another wondrous feature about Sequin as a community.  The stop at the Juan Sequin park and the various other attractions in and around the community make a couple of hours or two or three days of poking around more than normal, more than worthwhile.


We leave these matters to your own discretion.  We always like to hear from folks who take advantage of our recommendations, and you can easily reach us at privatouring@gmail.com.

EL GRINGO VIEJO
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Proud of their own ignorance…they scheme to erase the past without knowing much about it….

To Those Who Are Terrorising and Destroying America

 piece by piece are leaving pieces and shreds and cast-off remnants of

 reality that should forever be preserved…

 

We invest the following written and spoken images of the South,

 of Robert Edward Lee, and a reality of life

 that we came to understand. 

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     When he left her to go to the West Point, his mother was heard to say; “How can I live without Robert? He is both son and daughter to me.” 

Years after, when he came home from West Point, he found one of the chief actors of his childhood's drama-his mother's old coachman, “Nat”— ill, and threatened with consumption.  He immediately took him to the milder climate of Georgia, nursed him with the tenderness of a son, and secured him the best medical advice. 

But the spring-time saw the faithful old servant laid in the grave by the hands of his kind young master.

        The above paragraph depicts one of the many acts for which Robert Edward Lee was famous…as a child, as a young man, and throughout his fabled life.   When the Battles roared and cannon-launched bombs exploded around him and his famous mount "Traveller",  frequently the junior officers would shout out, "Lee to the rear!! Lee to the rear!!"

     But the demand of the subordinates would fall mainly on deaf ears.    Holding the reins atop his saddle, and with his servant stroking Traveller's neck during the horrible cannonades and noise of battle, Lee would finally take note of the

subordinate officers and return to a less exposed position to study the ebb and flow of the battle.   Lee's "body man" would return, just as slowly, showing no interest in things that could only be controlled by the officers and men at this  point.  Mister William (or sometimes "Mack") would keep a kind hand, stroking through Traveller's mane, and telling him, "Don't worry, boy.  There's lots of oats to-night for you."

    We wish to enter into the record that I am a descendant of the Newton and Bonesteel lines as it pertains to my northern (or Union) element in the War Between the States.   From the Southern (or Confederate) element we have a lot of Neals and Chisolms and Limbaughs.   Because of long generational delays and other reasons such as the loss of women at birth (or shortly thereafter) some of my great and great-great grandfathers had extended years and periods between progeny arriving to the families.

     For instance, my grandfather was a small child, but remembered well his two eldest brothers who came to Christmas (or perhaps Easter) banquet dinner during that horrid period of the War Between the States, or as Mr. Lincoln would have it, "The Civil War".   Both of those boys never saw the end of the next year.

     As Longstreet lurched out with two divisions reinforced by several batteries of cannon at New Salem Church, Virginia on 2 May 1863, one of my Uncles had the impossible task of  facing off the onslaught of Longstreet's masses with only one single company, the loyal and capable Company 3, of the 96th Infantry Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers.  One can imagine guarding a rail station with 160 men, when 8,800 crazy Confederates come pouring out of the dense forests covers some 200 yards away.   It was over fairly quickly.  Sgt. (brevet Lieutenant) Charles Newton was patched up in the parsonage of the Episcopal Church in New Salem but the best efforts of the doctor…a Southern gentleman, were to no avail.  Several score of Union soldiers were either killed or seriously injured in those moments.

     Two months later, a foolish and brave rear guard rider of Union cavalry was helping harass a large Confederate army in retreat from a place called Gettysburg.  The Yankee boys  thought is was great sport to harass and molest the rear guard of the grey forces.  Lamentably, Sergeant Ollie Newton brushed up too close to the rear and managed to take a single bullet in the heart, along with several other blue-coats.   They had underestimated the remaining spunk and spark within the ranks of the Confederates.

      These moments are known and documented.   There were five Confederates who were either killed in action or who died just after the War Between the States due to the wounds suffered in service to the Confederacy.   One was a Captain of Cavalry by the name of Asa Grant…a cousin of the famous Union Genereal and later President of the United States.   Another was David Limbaugh, a Lieutenant who died in action at Fallen Timbers.  Three others met their demise…all five were Tennessee people…none of whom owned a slave during entirety of their lifetimes.

     There are many stories about those times.  There was bad and there was good as one might find anywhere.  But in the main, people did what the events required.   My mother scolded a little Jewish girl who had a slightly gimp leg, for instance.  She told her that she was very pretty and smart and talented but she needed to put herself forward more.

   Before long, she was pushing the pretty little blond girl to play hoop and stick,  kickball, football, and baseball with the boys…and beating them.  She taught the blond girl how to pluck mulberries correctly, and how to make a pecan pie.   My mother learned about Kosher this and Kosher that and a bit of Hebrew along the way.  The two families were competitors in the general wares and wears stores on main street in Winchester in those days.

     It was a time when there were still more horses and mules and wagons in front of the the stores, but there were a lot of fancy autos as well, due to the people who came down from New York to visit the "medicinal springs" in the area around Winchester, Tennessee.   My mother's family had farming property out at Estill Springs for instance.

      Oh…the little girl?   She went to New York and wowed a bunch of Yankees and some real people too.  She was "Fannie"  to her playmates and to my mom (long before my mom became my mother).  But once "Fannie" found a stage in downtown New York City,  she became who we know as Dinah Shore.   They named a long section of the main street in Winchester for her.

     During one of their last calls during Dinah's later days, my mother advised "Fannie" that the city of McAllen, Texas had, in a way, named a major boulevard for my mother…when the city fathers opted for changing the first idea "Narcissus"  for "Nolana" due to my mother's given name of "Nola".   It was necessary to have an "N" because the streets in McAllen were order so as to be alphabetical.    My mother had been very active in PTA as County President, in politics, as a business woman, and as a middling executive with the power company, and as an active civic personality, heading the Traffic and Safety Commission, and various other duties including the Altar Guild at the Episcopal Church.

     So, in a way, Fannie and Nola had very different and very similar lives lived well.

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A Special Note about the Below Included Publication 

The following is somewhat confused.  The first thing will be a nice book written by the Reverend Mr. William Mack Lee.   He went through early life as an illiterate, and then as a person who worked

 to perfect his manner of speaking so as to  adapt to the people to whom he might be

 speaking.  His written word is quite coherent and very understandable.

In his book, he will move in and out, depending on the level of 

familiarity and upon the seriousness or humorousness

  of what is being related.

   

He grew throughout his life and became a true servant of the Lord and Jesus Christ.

  He established many Baptist Churches in the rural areas of Virginia and other

 places adjacent to his native State.  His writing style and manner advanced

 during his years (1832 - 1919).  He would at times revert to the

 "country accent and construct" that pertained to his 

"less sophisticated" younger times.

It is readily evident that his studies and practice

 did turn him into a remarkable writer!                                      

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"TRAVELER"

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REV. WM. MACK LEE
Still Residing in the South

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HISTORY OF THE LIFE OF
REV. WM. MACK LEE, BODY SERVANT OF

GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE

THROUGH THE CIVIL WAR

1861 to 1865

Copyrighted - year 1918,  by the Rev. Wm. Mack Lee

STILL LIVING UNDER THE PROTECTION
OF THE SOUTHERN STATES

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GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE AND OTHER GENERALS


for whom Rev. William Mack Lee cooked four years during the Civil War, when he was servant to General Robert E. Lee--1861-1865

• Gen. Stonewall Jackson
• Gen. Ewell
• Gen. Mosby
• Gen. Bragg
• Gen. Elwell
• Gen. Anderson
• Gen. Pickett
• Gen. Early
• Gen. Longstreet
• Gen. Jos. E. Johnston
• Gen. Sidney E. Johnston
• Gen. Morgan
• Gen. Forrest
• Gen. J. B. Hood
• Gen. Kirby Smith
• Gen. Chambers
• Gen. Van Dorn
• Gen. Buell
• Gen. J. E. B. Stuart
• Gen. A. P. Hill
• Gen. D. H. Hill
• Gen. Fitzhugh Lee
• Gen. J. B. Gordon
• Gen. Harrison
• Gen. Price
• Gen. Billy Mahone
• Gen. Jefferson Davis
• Gen. Wilcox
• Gen. Fremont

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Page 3

HISTORY OF THE LIFE

of and by

 the Rev. William Mack Lee

I was born June 12, 1835, Westmoreland County, Va.; 82 years ago. I was raised at Arlington Heights, in the house of General Robert E. Lee, my master. I was cook for Marse Robert, as I called him, during the civil war and his body servant. I was with him at the first battle of Bull Run, second battle of Bull Run, first battle of Manassas, second battle of Manassas and was there at the fire of the last gun for the salute of the surrender on Sunday, April 9, 9 o'clock, A. M., at Appomatox, 1865.

        The following is a list of co-generals who fought with Marse Robert in the Confederate Army: Generals Stonewall Jackson, Early, Longstreet, Kirby, Smith, Gordon from Augusta, Ga. Beauregard from Charleston, S. C., Wade Hampton, from Columbia, S. C., Hood, from Alabama, Ewell Harrison from Atlanta, Ga., Bragg, cavalry general from Chattanooga, Tenn., Wm. Mahone of Virginia, Pickett, Forest, of Mississippi, Mosby, of Virginia, Willcox, of Tennessee, Lyons, of Mississippi, Charlimus, of Mississippi, Sydney Johnston, Fitzhugh Lee, nephew of Marse Robert, and Curtis Lee, his son.

        The writer of this little book, the body servant of Gen. Robert E. Lee, had the pleasure of feeding all these men at the headquarters in Petersburg, the battles of Decatur, Seven Pines, the Wilderness, on the plank road between Fredericksburg and Orange County Court House, Chancellorsville, The Old Yellow Tavern, in the Wilderness, Five Forks, Cold Harbor, Sharpsburg, Boonesville, Gettysburg, New Market, Mine Run, Cedar Mountain, Civilian, Louisa Court House, Winchester and Shenandoah Valley.

        At the close of the struggle, General Lee said to General Grant: "Grant, you didn't whip me, you just overpowered me, I surrender this day 8,000 men; I do not surrender them to you, I surrender on conditions; it shall not go down in history I surrendered the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia to you. It shall go down in history I surrendered on conditions; you have ten men to my one; my

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men, too, are barefooted and hungry. If Joseph E. Johnston could have gotten to me three days ago I would have cut my way through and gone back into the mountains of North Carolina and would have given you a happy time." What these conditions were I do not know, but I know these were Marse Robert's words on the morning of the surrender: "I surrender to you on conditions."

        At the close of the war I did not know A from B, although I had been preaching two years before the war. I was married six years before the war. My wife died in 1910. I am the father of eight daughters and I have twenty-one grand children and eight great-grand children. My youngest child is 42 years old.

        I was raised by one of the greatest men in the world. There was never one born of a woman greater than Gen. Robert E. Lee, according to my judgment. All of his servants were set free ten years before the war, but all remained on the plantation until after the surrender.

        The following from the Bedford Bulletin, a paper published in the town of Bedford, Va., which town I am now visiting, situated in the mountains in full view of the famous Peaks of Otter; while soliciting means here to finish my church near Norfolk, I caught inspiration to give the readers of this little book, my friends, and friends and admirers of Marse Robert, a brief history of his body servant and cook, the Rev. William Mack Lee, and will, I hope, cause you to purchase one at the price named on back of same, as I will never be able to write another; I am too old.

Lee's Body Servant Here.

        "Rev. William Mack Lee, one of the best known colored men in the South, is in town this week making an effort to raise funds to complete the payment on his church near Norfolk. He is a Baptist minister and built the church at a cost of $5,500, of which all has been paid except about $500, and he wants to raise this before he returns home.

        "He was born on the plantation of Gen. Robert E. Lee, in Westmoreland County, 81 years ago, and at the outbreak of the civil war went to the front as the body servant of his distinguished master. He cooked and waited on the Southern chieftain during the entire four years of the war, being with him at the surrender at Appomatox. The fact that the war had set him free was of small moment to him, and he stayed with his old master until his death. He is a negro of the old type, distinguished looking, polite in manner, and, despite his age, is straight, firm of step and

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bids fair to serve his congregation for many more years. The first day he was in town, he went to the old Burwell homestead, now the home of Mr. John Ballard, because he and his master had stopped there while on a visit to Bedford, soon after the war, and was greatly disappointed to find that the last member of the Burwell family was dead.

        "He will be in town all of this week, and if you want to help him pay for his church you will find him on the streets or some one will tell you where he can be found."

        I have been preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ the best I knew, with my limited preparation, for 57 years. My master, at his death, left me $360 to educate myself with. I went to school. I studied hard at the letter, but my greatest learning came from Jesus Christ. God sent me out to preach, and when God sends a man out, he is qualified both with the Holy Ghost and the Spirit. He makes his words sharp as a two-edged sword, and his feet as a burning pillar of brass.

        I was ordained in Washington, D.C., July 12, 1881, as a Missionary Baptist preacher. The beginning of my work as an ordained minister was with the Third Baptist Church, Northwest, Washington, D.C., which I built with 20 members, at a cost of $3,000. This church increased from 20 to 500 members during my pastorate. I also built another church in the same city, a frame building, 20 x 36 feet long, at a cost of $2,000. I took this church with 8 members and left it with 200 at the close of two years.

        My next pastorate was at Cantorsville, about eight miles northeast of Baltimore, Md., in Baltimore county. There were 12 members of this church, when I took charge. I erected for a house of worship a frame building 22 x 38 at a cost of $3,500. At the end of four years the membership had increased from 12 members to 365. I resigned this charge and took a church in Norfolk county, Virginia, six miles from the city of Norfolk. In this little town called Churchland, I erected a brick building, stone front, for a house of worship, at a cost of $5,500, in the year 1912, all of which has been paid, with the exception of about $500. When I began the building of this last house for God, I sought aid from abroad. I went into three states and by the help of the Lord, and good friends of Virginia, North and South Carolina, I have succeeded in raising over $5,000 for this last project. I preached in 36 counties in South Carolina in 1915, 28 counties in North Carolina, and 23 counties in Virginia. The following is a list of cities and towns that responded to my call for help in relieving the indebtedness.

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of my church:--Virginia: Norfolk, Portsmouth, Berkley, Brambleton, Newport News, Hampton, Cape Charles, Eastville, Pocomoke City, Charles City, Suffolk, Lynchburg, Danville, Crewe, Blackstone, Petersburg, Ivor, Waverley, Zuni, Appomattox, Bedford, Roanoke and Hollins. South Carolina: Columbia, Charleston, Summersville, Kingtree, Lake City, Bennettsville, Florence, Mullen, Hartsville, Darlington, Marion, Dillon, Latta, Sumpter, Spartansburg, Orangeville, and Branchville. North Carolina: Raleigh, Wilmington, Rocky Mount, Goldsboro, Greensville, Greensboro, Selma, Clinton, Tarboro, Little Washington, Edenton, Elizabeth City, Wilson, Windsor, Kinston, LaGrange Beaufort, Durham, Hamlet, Rockingham, Gibsonville, Lovington, Ahoskie, Tunis, Reidsville, Winchester.

        Having stayed on Marse Robert's plantation 18 years after the war and with limited schooling, I am not ashamed to give my history to the world that it might cause some of the young negroes who have school advantages from childhood and early youth, to consider life more seriously and if men of my type had lived in their time, how far they would exceed them along lines of religious, educational, and business activities. I contribute my success to my teaching from God. When John was writing on the Isle of Patmos, God appeared to him and said, "Write no more, John, seal up what thou hast written." John fell face foremost. God said, "Rise upon your feet, fear not, I am he who was persecuted, seal up what has been written  and write no more." The apostle Paul says the letter kills a man, but the word of God makes him alive in our Lord Jesus Christ. A man gets nothing for starting a journey, but gets pay for being faithful and, holding out to the end. If a man lives according to the ten commandments, he will be blessed, because the chief word in the decalogue, obedience; and obedience to God is service to man.

        In addition to my pastoral duties I found time to look after the bodily wants of my fellowman as well as his spiritual needs. To this end I organized the State Benevolent Association of Virginia, for colored people, at Charlottesville in 1887. In 1888 I organized at Washington, D. C., the Supreme Grand Lodge United States Benevolent Association of the District of Columbia. The district associations of Virginia, Maryland, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania are under jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge, whose office and building is located at 428 R Street, N. W., Washington. I am elected Grand Chief for life at a salary of $50 per month and traveling expenses.

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        This association pays sick dues and death benefits and aids its members while out of employment by allowing a weekly sum of $2.00 for 4 weeks each, or until employment is secured, and gives each unfortunate a chance to pay back same to the Association in easy installments of 25 cents a month until the amount has been paid, so advanced by the Association's Treasurer. The brotherhood requires its members to help those find employment who are not employed.

        I have some gavels made out of the poplar where Marse Robert bade farewell to his comrades and instructed them to go home and make themselves good citizens and may I urge those who read this book, especially my people, to take the advice of the humble writer, try to make yourselves good citizens by being industrious, save your money, educate yourselves, buy property, etc., let your religion be more practical and less sentimental. The best friends we have are the Southern people who know all about our raising, and if we colored people want to get along well with the white people, we must show our behavior to, respect and be obedient to them. These are my views to our race.

Your respectable, obedient servant,

REV. WM. MACK LEE.

General Robert E. Lee's cook and body servant of the Civil War.

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        Still limping from a yankee bullet, an old darkey, with a grizzled beard and an honest face, hobbled into the office of the World-News at a busy hour yesterday.

        "Kin you white folks gimme a little money fur my church?" he asked, doffing his tattered as he bowed.

        Typewriters tickled their hurried denial.

        The aged negro cocked his head on one side. "What, I ain't gwine ter turn away Ole Marse Robert's main servant is yer? You didn't know dat I was Gen. Robert Lee's cook all through de wah, did yer?" Every reporter in the office considered that introduction sufficient, and listened for half an hour to William Mack Lee, who followed General Robert E. Lee as body guard and cook throughout the Civil War. When the negro lifted his bent and broken figure from a chair to take his leave every man in the office reached into his pocket, for a contribution.

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        "The onliest time that Marse Robert ever scolded me," said William Mack Lee, "in de whole fo' years dat I followed him through the wah, was, down in de Wilderness--Seven Pines-- near Richmond. I remembah dat day jes lak it was yestiday. Hit was July the third, 1863.

        "Whilst we was in Petersburg, Marse Robert had done got him a little black hen from a man and we named the little black hen Nellie. She was a good hen, and laid mighty nar every day. We kep' her in de ambulants, whar she had her nest.

Prepared Feast From Small Supply.

        "On dat day--July the third--we was all so hongry and I didn't have nuffin in ter cook, dat I was jes' plumb bumfuzzled. I didn't know what to do. Marse Robert, he had gone and invited a crowd of ginerals to eat wid him, an' I had ter git de vittles. Dar was Marse Stonewall Jackson, and Marse A. P. Hill, and Marse D. H. Hill, and Marse Wade Hampton, Gineral Longstreet, and Gineral Pickett and sum others.

        "I had done made some flanel cakes, a little tea, and some lemonade, but I 'lowed as how dat would not be enuff fo' dem gemm'n. So I had to go out to de ambulants and cotch de little black hen, Nellie.

        There was a tear in William Mack Lee's voice, but in his eye I fancied that I saw the happy light that always dances in the eyes of his race at the thought of a fowl for cooking.

        "I jes' had to go out and cotch little Nellie. I picked her good, and stuffed her with breod stuffin, mixed wid butter. Nellie had been gwine wid us two years, and I hated fer to lose her. We had been gettin' all our eggs from Nellie.

        "Well, sir, when I brung Nellie inter de commissary tent and set her fo' Marse Robert he turned to me right fo' all dem gimmin and he says: 'William, now you have killed Nellie. What are we going to do for eggs?"

        "'I jes' had ter do it, Marse Robert.' says I.

        'No, you didn't William; I'm going to write Miss Mary about you. I'm going to tell her you have killed Nellie.'

        "Marse Robert kep' on scoldin' me mout dat hen. He never scolded 'bout naything else. He tol' me I was a fool to kill de her whut lay de golden egg. Hit made Marse Robert awful sad ter think of anything bein' killed, whedder der 'twas one of his soljers, or his little black hen."

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Lee Wept Over Jackson's Death.

        "I have even seed him cry. I never seed him sadder dan dat gloomy mownin' when he tol' me 'bout how Gineral Stonewall Jackson had been shot by his own men.

        "He muster hurd it befo' but he never tol' me til' nex' mawnin'.

        "'William,' he says ter me, 'William, I have lost my right arm.'

        "'How come yer ter say dat, Marse Robert?' I axed him. 'Yo ain't bin in no battle sence yestiddy, an' I doan see yo' arm bleedin'.

        "'I'm bleeding at the heart, William,' he says, and I slipped out'n de tent, 'cause he looked lak he wanted to be by hisself.

        "A little later I cum back an' he tol' me dat Gineral Jackson had bin shot by one of his own soljers. The Gineral had tol' 'em to shoot anybody goin' or comin' across de line. And den de Gineral hisself puts on a federal uniform and scouted across de lines. When he comes back, one of his own soljers raised his gun.

        "'Don't shoot. I'm your general,' Marse Jackson yelled.

        "'Dey said dat de sentry was hard o' hearin'. Anyway, he shot his Gineral an' kilt him.

        "'I'm bleeding at the heart, William,' Marse Robert kep' a sayin'.

Tells of His Own Wounds.

        "On July de twelf, 1863, I was shot myself," continued the old darkey, heaving a deep sigh as he withdrew his thoughts from the death of General Stonewall Jackson.

        "Yer see dat hole in my head? Dat whar a piece er de shell hit me. Anudder piece struck me nigh de hip.

        "I had jes give Marse Robert his breakfas' an' went to git old Traveler fer him to ride ter battle. Traveler was Marse Robert's horse what followed him 'round same as a dog would, and would never step on de dead men, but allers walked betwixt and aroun' 'em.

        "I went out an' curried and saddled Traveler. I hyeard dem jack battery guns begin to pop an' bust an' roah. I saddled Traveler and tuck him in front o' Marse Robert's tent.

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        "Jes' as Marse Robert cum out'n his tent a shell hit 35 yards away. It busted, and hit me, an' I fell over.

        "I must o' yelled, 'cause Marse Robert said he ain't never hyeard no noise like de wan I hollered. He cum over and tried to cheer me up, an' I hollered lak one o' dem jackass guns.

        "Marse Robert laffed so hard 'cause he said he ain't never seed a black man holler so loud. An' den he called for de ambulants an' dey tuck me ter de hospital."

Loyal to Famous Master.

        William Mack Lee has all the praise in the world for "Marse Robert." He tells many interesting incidents of the Southern hero's life in the tent and field.

        The old negro is here now trying to raise $418 with which to complete a fund of $5,000, most of which he has already secured, for building a church. He has built four churches and is now working on his fifth.

        Among the white churches contributing to his fund are nine Baptist, eight Methodist, and six Episcopalians, in Norfolk, four Baptist in Danville, and churches in Lynchburg, Bedford, Crew, Blackstone and Appomattox.

        William Mack Lee was born in Westmoreland County, Va., at the old Stafford House, on the Potomac River, 1835. He is 84 years old. He was raised by General Lee as his personal servant.

        "Tell de white folks heah to be good ter me an' my church," says William. "Tell 'em not ter turn away Robert's ole soldier ."

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